Europe / Commercial & demonstration

Kythnos Microgrid

Current status, energy mix, organizations, suppliers, equipment, controls, reported specifications, and project updates—with source-level citations.

CoverageDetailed public record
Named organizations14
System facts34
Sources reviewed8
Evidence reviewed2026-07-20

The slug uses 'Kithnos,' but the island is normally transliterated Kythnos. Public descriptions also combine two different systems: the island-wide diesel-wind-PV grid and the much smaller permanently islanded Gaidouromantra (also Gaidouromandra) holiday-home microgrid. The latter began operating in 2001, historically used roughly 10-11 kWp PV with lead-acid batteries and diesel backup, and was modernized through Kythnos Smart Island and RE-EMPOWERED. A May 2025 deployment report lists its current resources as 20.8 kW PV, 3 kW wind, and 22 kW backup diesel, with new metering, communications, SCADA, forecasting, demand response, and multi-vector energy management.

Research status
Both boundaries remain active in the latest located evidence. The EU Clean Energy for Islands secretariat reported Kythnos Smart Island completed on June 21, 2024, including renovation of the Gaidouromantra off-grid system. RE-EMPOWERED's May 2025 deliverable says all tools were deployed, identified issues resolved, and demonstration had been ongoing since October 2024. It also lists the separate whole-island system at 5.2 MW diesel and 908.65 kW renewable capacity. No later 2026 production or reliability report was located.
Historical classification
Island
Reported capacity
See component specifications
Coordinates
37.39086, 24.39639
Evidence note: “Every company” cannot be proven from public material alone. This page lists every organization found in the recovered record and reviewed sources, preserves unknown roles, and explicitly marks undisclosed controller or equipment details.

Project delivery

Who was involved in Kythnos Microgrid?

14 publicly identified organizations. Where a recovered source named a participant without explaining its work, the role remains explicitly unspecified.

Organization

Centre for Renewable Energy Sources and Saving

Historical designer/research and operating-support organization for the Gaidouromantra microgrid and earlier Kythnos demonstrations. [5][6]

Organization

European Commission

PV-Mode and MORE project funder [4]

Organization

European Union RE-EMPOWERED and Kythnos Smart Island programs

Funded and coordinated the recent forecasting, SCADA, demand-response, renewable, transport, and smart-island upgrades. [7][8]

Organization

German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology

Project funder [4]

Organization

German Federal Ministry of Education and Research

Project funder [4]

Organization

ICCS-NTUA, PROTASIS, DAFNI, and Kythnos Municipality

Research, hardware/software deployment, local-network repair, and demonstration partners in the RE-EMPOWERED/Kythnos Smart Island modernization. [8][7]

Organization

ISET e.V.

Sunny Island development partner [4]

Organization

MAN

Early wind-project partner [4]

Organization

MWM

Diesel-engine supplier [4]

Organization

Public Power Corporation and Hellenic Electricity Distribution Network Operator

Utility/DSO organizations for the non-interconnected island electricity system and partners in the later demonstration. [5][8]

Organization

Public Power Corporation of Greece (PPC)

Island utility and wind-project partner [4]

Organization

SMA Solar Technology

Supplier of Sunny Island battery inverters and controls for the historical Gaidouromantra system and control technology for the island system. [5][6]

Organization

University of Kassel

Research and technology-development partner [4]

Organization

Vestas

500 kW wind-turbine supplier [4]

System evidence

Energy mix, capacity, and specifications

Values can describe different project phases, generation sources, storage systems, or other components. Source citations are attached to each figure so discrepancies remain visible.

KW Solar
10 [1]
KW Gas/Diesel
53 [1]
Storage
32 KWH [1]
Whole-island PV
100 kWp [4]
Whole-island wind
500 kW Vestas V39/500 [4]
Whole-island battery
Approximately 400 kWh; 500 kW for 10 minutes [4]
Whole-island diesel
Five 400 kW MWM 12-cylinder turbo-diesel sets [4]
Remote-bay microgrid
10 kW PV, nominal 53 kWh battery, and 5 kW diesel generator [1]
Current whole-island electricity system
5.2 MW diesel generation and 908.65 kW renewable capacity serving 3,353 low-voltage customers, with a 3.118 MW peak load in the RE-EMPOWERED deployment report [8]
Current Gaidouromantra generation
20.8 kW solar PV, 3 kW small wind, and 22 kW backup diesel for 14 vacation houses [8]
Historical whole-island hybrid configuration
100 kWp PV, one 500 kW Vestas V39 wind turbine, a 500 kW/10-minute battery reported at roughly 400 kWh, and five 400 kW MWM diesel generators in the late-1990s configuration [5]
Historical Gaidouromantra main battery
1,000 Ah at 48 V, 48 kWh nominal; the 12-year operations paper says the first bank was replaced in 2009 after about eight years. This is historical, not proof of today's usable capacity. [6]
Historical secondary battery and backup diesel
480 Ah at 60 V, 28.8 kWh nominal secondary bank and a 9 kVA three-phase diesel set in the documented earlier architecture; later sources list 22 kW diesel, demonstrating that the backup plant changed. [6][8]
Additional whole-island smart-energy loads
75 kW desalination plant, three EVs with seven planned, four 22 kW chargers with five more planned, and a heat pump in the 2025 deployment inventory [8]

Controls and hardware

Equipment and controller details

Manufacturer and model are shown only when a source names them. Generic descriptions are not converted into guessed product assignments.

01

Whole-island control system

SMA

Fully automatic 1998 control system coordinating diesel starts/stops, wind, PV, battery conversion, phase shifting, and fast load control. [4]

02

Grid-forming battery inverter

SMA — Sunny Island

Central grid master for the 2001 modular AC-coupled PV-battery and PV-battery-diesel systems. [4]

03

Wind turbine

Vestas — V39/500

500 kW turbine installed in 1998. [4]

04

Diesel engines

MWM

Five 12-cylinder turbo-diesel sets rated 400 kW each. [4]

05

Historical whole-island wind turbine

Vestas — V39/500

One 500 kW turbine in the late-1990s island hybrid. The current 908.65 kW renewable aggregate does not by itself confirm the present availability of this exact machine. [5][8]

06

Historical whole-island diesel generators

MWM

Five 400 kW diesel units in SMA's historical project description. The newer whole-island inventory gives 5.2 MW total diesel without unit-level models, so the old fleet should not be treated as the complete current inventory. [5][8]

07

Gaidouromantra battery inverters

SMA Solar Technology — Sunny Island SI5048 and SI4500

The documented 12-year configuration used three SI5048 units in the main three-phase system and one SI4500 in the secondary subsystem. The 2025 report does not confirm whether all original inverters remain installed. [6]

08

New small wind turbine

ICCS-NTUA / local project team

A locally manufactured 3 kW turbine was installed and commissioned at Gaidouromantra and maintained in September 2023; a commercial model is not identified. [8]

09

Monitoring and SCADA

COPA-DATA ecosystem / project partners — zenon

An Ethernet gateway, extended smart metering, environmental sensors, data logging, fiber/communications repairs, and zenon data-concentrator/SCADA support remote monitoring and control. [8]

Technical record

Architecture, performance, and project updates

Concise technical facts, milestones, operating results, and later developments. Dated notes distinguish historical design claims from current evidence.

  • General

    Assets: Solar, Storage [1]

  • General

    It is a small village scale autonomous microgrid, composed of a 3-phase low-voltage network, solar PV generation, battery storage, and a backup generator. [1]

  • General

    There are 10 kW of PV at two locations, a nominal 53 kWh battery bank, and a 5 kW diesel genset. [1]

  • General

    When power is demanded by customers than the PV systems can directly provide, one or of the 3.6 kW battery inverters is activated. [1]

  • General

    The battery inverters can operate in isochronous or droop mode. [1]

  • System-boundary correction

    The island system and Gaidouromantra system have different owners, loads, capacities, and histories. Capacities such as the island's 5.2 MW diesel fleet must not be combined with the remote site's 20.8 kW PV as though they were one physical bus. [5][8]

  • Long-term Gaidouromantra operation

    The permanently islanded system began in 2001 and served vacation homes with PV, batteries, and automatic diesel backup. The 12-year paper records a 2009 main-battery replacement and maintenance problems such as frequent watering of the original lead-acid bank. [6]

  • Current energy-management stack

    RE-EMPOWERED deployed ecoEMS, ecoMicrogrid, ecoPlanning, ecoDR, ecoPlatform, ecoMonitor, ecoCommunity, and ecoResilience tools. Functions include forecasts, outage/fault detection, demand response, SCADA/MQTT integration, remote disconnection of noncritical loads, and joint electric/HVAC optimization. [8]

  • Smart Island completion and continuing demonstration

    The Kythnos Smart Island project was declared complete in June 2024, including renovation at Gaidouromantra. RE-EMPOWERED separately reported that its tool demonstration continued from October 2024, so 'completed' refers to the construction/program milestone rather than the end of all research operation. [7][8]

  • Renewable-operation wording

    The 2025 deliverable characterizes Gaidouromantra as supplied by PV and batteries since 2001 while also listing 22 kW of backup diesel. The defensible interpretation is a renewable-led microgrid with emergency/low-state-of-charge backup, not evidence that diesel can never run. [6][8]

  • Open evidence gaps

    Current battery chemistry, manufacturer, installed and usable kWh, state of health, annual renewable fraction, diesel runtime, outage indices, PV/wind output, and post-October-2024 demonstration results were not published in the reviewed sources. [8]

Provenance

8 sources

Primary owner, government, university, supplier, and engineering sources are preferred. Archived references preserve claims whose original pages moved or disappeared.

  1. [1]
    Recovered Microgrid Projects record

    Internet Archive · Archived source · captured 2021-02-27

  2. [2]
    Read More

    microgrids.eu · Archived source · captured 2021-02-27

  3. [3]
    Read More

    china.lbl.gov · Archived source · captured 2021-02-27

  4. [4]
  5. [5]
    Kythnos: An island supplied by solar and wind energy

    SMA Solar Technology · Primary source

  6. [6]
    12 years operation of the Gaidouromantra Microgrid in Kythnos island

    National Technical University of Athens / CRES authors · Primary source

  7. [7]
    A testing ground for innovative technologies: Kythnos Smart Island project completed

    European Commission Clean Energy for EU Islands Secretariat · Primary source

  8. [8]
    D7.3 Report on Deployment of RE-EMPOWERED Solutions

    RE-EMPOWERED Horizon 2020 Consortium · Primary source