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Nusa Penida

Current status, energy mix, organizations, suppliers, equipment, controls, reported specifications, and project updates—with source-level citations.

CoverageDetailed public record
Named organizations7
System facts27
Sources reviewed10
Evidence reviewed2026-07-20

Nusa Penida is PLN's isolated 'Three Nusa' electricity system serving Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan and Nusa Ceningan, Bali. Its present renewable core is the Suana hybrid plant: 4.2 MWp DC/3.5 MW AC of solar and a 3 MW battery integrated with diesel generation. Battery energy is reported inconsistently: PLN, the energy ministry and Hitachi's service description give 1.8-1.84 MWh through 2025, while a Hitachi equipment table and a May 2026 PLN Indonesia Power field account say 3 MWh. The plant entered service for the 2022 G20 period, and PLN formally inaugurated an automated Smart Microgrid in November 2025. This is distinct from an older, poorly performing wind-solar-diesel demonstration begun in 2006-09.

Research status
The Suana solar-battery-diesel system is operational, and PLN reports the Smart Microgrid operating since November 2025 with automatic real-time dispatch across the three islands. Diesel remains dominant: a May 2026 field account puts installed diesel capacity at about 21 MW against a 16 MW peak load. Through August 2024 the solar plant had generated 3.7 GWh, 6.57% of system generation, at an 18% realized capacity factor. PLN's 2025-34 plan identifies an additional 4.5 MW solar-plus-storage project for 2026-27 and 10 MW wind-plus-storage for 2027-28; these are plans, not commissioned capacity.
Historical classification
Community
Reported capacity
See component specifications
Coordinates
-8.72781, 115.54442
Evidence note: “Every company” cannot be proven from public material alone. This page lists every organization found in the recovered record and reviewed sources, preserves unknown roles, and explicitly marks undisclosed controller or equipment details.
Report missing evidenceResearch methodology

Project delivery

Who was involved in Nusa Penida?

7 publicly identified organizations. Where a recovered source named a participant without explaining its work, the role remains explicitly unspecified.

Organization

Center for Community Based Renewable Energy, Udayana University

Independent local research and impact participant quoted by PLN [2]

Organization

Hitachi Energy

Battery-energy-storage technology and service provider; documented the installed system and a two-year maintenance/knowledge-transfer program. [7][8]

Organization

Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Directorate General of Electricity

Government source for plant production, share and capacity-factor performance through August 2024. [6]

Organization

PLN Indonesia Power

PLN generation subsidiary involved in operation of the Nusa Penida generation system and in technical field engagement described in 2026. [9]

Organization

PLN UID Bali, PLN Icon Plus and USAID SINAR

PLN's 2025 release credits UID Bali with regional management, Icon Plus with system integration, PLN Indonesia Power with generation operation, and USAID Sustainable Energy for Indonesia's Advancing Resilience with early-stage project support. [5]

Organization

PT PLN (Persero)

Utility owner/operator of the Three Nusa power system and developer/operator of the Suana hybrid plant and Smart Microgrid. [4][5]

Organization

PT Surya Energi Indotama / KSO SEI-Hitachi

Consortium/joint-operation partner and installer for the Nusa Penida solar and battery system, working with Hitachi Energy. [7][8]

System evidence

Energy mix, capacity, and specifications

Values can describe different project phases, generation sources, storage systems, or other components. Source citations are attached to each figure so discrepancies remain visible.

KW Wind
720 [1]
KW Gas/Diesel
2550 [1]
Current solar PV
3.5 MWp across approximately 4.5 hectares [2][3]
Published battery capacity
PLN's April 2023 release states 1.84 MWh; the energy ministry later states 3.3 MWh [2][3]
Archived earlier wind
720 kW [1]
Archived earlier diesel
2.55 MW [1]
Reported annual emissions reduction
Approximately 4,190 tCO2e [2]
Current Suana photovoltaic capacity
4.2 MWp DC and 3.5 MW AC. PLN commonly reports the plant as 3.5 MWp, while Hitachi's engineering material distinguishes 4.2 MW peak array capacity from 3.5 MW AC output; preserve both rating bases. [4][7]
Current battery storage
3 MW power. Energy is 1.84 MWh in Hitachi's service agreement and narrative project description, using nine battery racks and three battery inverters; PLN and the ministry similarly report 1.8-1.84 MWh. A Hitachi equipment table and May 2026 PLN Indonesia Power field account instead say 3 MWh. The public record does not explain whether this is nameplate-versus-usable energy, an upgrade or a reporting error; no reviewed source supports the recovered catalog's 3.3 MWh figure. [4][6][7][8][9]
Current diesel capacity
Approximately 21 MW at the PLTD supplying the Three Nusa system according to a May 2026 PLN Indonesia Power field account. An older Hitachi schematic labels 10 MW of diesel and should not be treated as the current system total. [9][8]
Current peak load
Approximately 16 MW across the isolated Three Nusa system in the May 2026 field account. [9]
Solar production and share
3.7 GWh generated through August 2024, equivalent to 6.57% of total Nusa Penida system production; realized solar capacity factor reported as 18%. [6]
Current customer and system scale
PLN reported more than 23,000 customers, 60.91 MVA of installed customer capacity and 59.82 GWh of energy transactions through August 2025 across the Three Nusa system. These are system/service metrics, not generation capacity or renewable output. [5]
Historical wind fleet
A 2014 study describes nine turbines totaling 735 kW; the recovered catalog reports 720 kW. The dated conflict is retained, and neither value is counted as current because the 2025 Smart Microgrid description omits wind. [10][5]
Proposed expansion
RUPTL 2025-34 planning cited in May 2026 identifies 4.5 MW of additional solar plus BESS for 2026-27 and 10 MW of wind plus BESS for 2027-28. Storage ratings and procurement/commissioning were not established. [9]

Controls and hardware

Equipment and controller details

Manufacturer and model are shown only when a source names them. Generic descriptions are not converted into guessed product assignments.

01

Battery energy storage

Model not publicly disclosed

PLN and ministry sources identify BESS capacity but do not disclose the cell, inverter, EMS, or controller manufacturers/models. [2][3]

02

Battery energy storage system

Hitachi Energy — PowerStore with e-mesh controls

Hitachi identifies a modular CATL lithium-iron-phosphate battery. Its service agreement and narrative rate the installed system 3 MW/1.84 MWh with nine racks and three battery inverters; another Hitachi table and a May 2026 field account say 3 MWh, retained as an unresolved source inconsistency. [7][8][9]

03

Photovoltaic plant

Model not publicly disclosed

Suana ground-mounted array rated 4.2 MWp DC/3.5 MW AC on roughly 4.5 hectares. Module and inverter manufacturers were not established by the reviewed primary sources. [4][7]

04

Smart microgrid controls

Hitachi Energy — e-mesh Control and e-mesh EMS

Hitachi's control layer monitors system anomalies and dispatches the battery, while PLN's later smart-microgrid layer automatically balances solar, storage and diesel across the Three Nusa network. [8][5]

05

Historical renewable equipment

Model not publicly disclosed

Nine small wind turbines and two small PV plants were part of the 2006-09 demonstration. That older configuration had no battery and is not evidence of current wind availability. [10]

Technical record

Architecture, performance, and project updates

Concise technical facts, milestones, operating results, and later developments. Dated notes distinguish historical design claims from current evidence.

  • Generation

    Wind, PV, diesel [1]

  • System boundary

    The Smart Microgrid is not limited to one plant or one island: it coordinates the isolated electricity system serving Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan and Nusa Ceningan. Suana is the principal solar/BESS site and diesel generation remains the firm supply. [5][9]

  • Timeline

    Small wind and solar resources were added from 2006 through 2009. The modern Suana plant was commissioned ahead of the November 2022 G20 summit; Hitachi documented a two-year service program, and PLN formally inaugurated the automated Smart Microgrid on 13 November 2025. [10][4][7][5]

  • Historical performance

    The 2014 evaluation found the older wind-solar-diesel system contributed only about 3.23% of generation versus 6.28% expected, citing harsh climate and operating difficulties. These findings apply to the pre-BESS demonstration, not the 2022 Suana plant. [10]

  • Current architecture

    The 3 MW battery provides PV smoothing and dispatch support while the smart controls continuously coordinate solar, stored energy and diesel output. Whether its energy rating is 1.84 or 3 MWh, the cited values describe roughly 0.6-1 hour at full power, so it is a short-duration balancing resource rather than long-duration storage. [7][8][5][9]

  • Service and operations

    Hitachi's documented service agreement included inspections and testing every six months, remote troubleshooting and knowledge transfer to operations personnel over two years. [7]

  • Emissions estimate

    PLN projected the Suana solar plant would avoid about 4,190 tonnes CO2e per year. This is a utility estimate, while the ministry's later 3.7 GWh/6.57% figures are observed production through August 2024. [4][6]

Provenance

10 sources

Primary owner, government, university, supplier, and engineering sources are preferred. Archived references preserve claims whose original pages moved or disappeared.

  1. [1]
    Recovered Microgrid Projects record

    Internet Archive · Archived source · captured 2021-04-20

  2. [2]
  3. [3]
    Nusa Penida hybrid solar plant as a strategic clean-power project

    Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources · Primary source

  4. [4]
  5. [5]
  6. [6]
    PLTS Hybrid Nusa Penida, Langkah Strategis Penyediaan Listrik Bersih

    Directorate General of Electricity, Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources · Primary source

  7. [7]
  8. [8]
  9. [9]
  10. [10]
    Evaluation of Hybrid System Solar-Wind-Diesel in Nusa Penida, Bali-Indonesia

    International Journal of Renewable Energy Research · Primary source

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