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Asia / Commercial & demonstration

Pulau Ubin Microgrid

Current status, energy mix, organizations, suppliers, equipment, controls, reported specifications, and project updates—with source-level citations.

CoverageDetailed public record
Named organizations9
System facts22
Sources reviewed12
Evidence reviewed2026-07-20

Pulau Ubin's microgrid is a small Singapore island system serving more than 30 homes and businesses, originally launched with rooftop solar, battery storage, and recycled-cooking-oil biodiesel generation. Its modern EDPR phase installed 328 kWp solar and a 1 MWh experimental vanadium redox-flow battery in 2023. Crucially, Singapore's Ministry of Trade and Industry disclosed in March 2026 that the actual 2025 electricity mix was only about 10% solar and 90% diesel—not the up-to-90% solar ambition publicized for the enhancement.

Research status
Operating but experiencing reliability and storage-performance problems. MTI reported approximately 300 MWh annual consumption and 13 supply trips in 2025. EDPR is upgrading the system, with an upgraded battery expected to be commissioned later in 2026; as of the research cutoff that upgrade was not yet complete. The system therefore remains diesel-dominant and the existing flow battery should be described as experimental, not proof of a near-renewable autonomous grid.
Historical classification
Community
Reported capacity
240 kW
Coordinates
1.40298, 103.97070
Evidence note: “Every company” cannot be proven from public material alone. This page lists every organization found in the recovered record and reviewed sources, preserves unknown roles, and explicitly marks undisclosed controller or equipment details.
Report missing evidenceResearch methodology

Project delivery

Who was involved in Pulau Ubin Microgrid?

9 publicly identified organizations. Where a recovered source named a participant without explaining its work, the role remains explicitly unspecified.

Organization

Daily Life Renewable Energy and OKH Holdings consortium

Original design-build-own-operate consortium selected in the 2011 phase; current operating responsibility later shifted to EDPR Sunseap. [6][7]

Organization

Daily Life Renewable Energy Pte Ltd. (DLRE)

Consortium member and system integrator [2][5]

Organization

EDP Renewables APAC / Sunseap

Current microgrid operator and developer of the 2023 solar/vanadium-flow-battery enhancement; working on the 2026 upgrade. [8][10][11]

Organization

Energy Market Authority of Singapore

Program owner, test-bed authority, and procurement agency [2][3]

Organization

Energy Market Authority of Singapore (EMA)

Government program sponsor, procurement authority, regulator, and publisher of the original and enhancement project facts. [6][7][8]

Organization

National Parks Board (NParks)

Island land/community partner; the enhancement included extending supply toward 13 additional households in Kampong Sungei Durian. [8]

Organization

OKH Global Ltd.

Parent company of OKH Holdings [2]

Organization

OKH Holdings Pte Ltd.

Consortium member; design-build-own-operate participant [2][3]

Organization

Singapore Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI)

Publisher of the latest parliamentary operating, mix, reliability, and upgrade disclosures. [11][12]

System evidence

Energy mix, capacity, and specifications

Values can describe different project phases, generation sources, storage systems, or other components. Source citations are attached to each figure so discrepancies remain visible.

Storage
NA [1]
Generation architecture
Solar PV plus biodiesel generators using fuel derived from recycled cooking oil [2]
Initial connected customers
Approximately 30 residents and businesses [2]
Distribution
Underground transmission and distribution cables serving the jetty area [4]
Served customers and annual load
More than 30 residential and business consumers and approximately 300 MWh/year, according to the March 2026 parliamentary reply. [11]
Current solar nameplate
328 kWp installed in 2023. The 2022 award factsheet described a planned 285 kWp green-roof array; 328 kWp is the later as-installed figure. [9][10][8]
Flow-battery energy capacity
1 MWh vanadium redox-flow battery installed in 2023. Public sources do not disclose its rated MW, vendor/model, usable energy, or measured round-trip efficiency. [9][10]
Actual 2025 energy mix
Approximately 10% solar and 90% diesel. This official operating result supersedes expectations that the enhanced system might reach up to 90% solar penetration. [11][8]
Reliability
13 electricity-supply trips in calendar 2025, with compensation provided to affected users under the operator's arrangements. [11]
Projected environmental benefit
EDB/EDPR materials projected approximately 100,000 litres of diesel and 268,000 kg CO2 avoided annually by the enhanced system. The 2025 diesel-dominant mix means these should remain project claims/projections unless actual verified savings are published. [9][10][11]
Original consumer economics
EMA's launch program capped microgrid electricity at S$0.80/kWh, versus self-generation costs stated as more than S$1/kWh for individual diesel sets. Current tariff and subsidy terms were not found. [6]

Controls and hardware

Equipment and controller details

Manufacturer and model are shown only when a source names them. Generic descriptions are not converted into guessed product assignments.

01

Microgrid control centre

Daily Life Renewable Energy

Integrates and coordinates supply and demand and houses energy storage; EMA does not disclose the controller, battery, inverter, generator, or PV module models. [4][5]

02

Solar PV

Model not publicly disclosed

328 kWp installed in 2023, including a solar green-roof concept intended to lower module temperature; exact module/inverter makers and DC/AC ratio are not public. [9][8]

03

Battery energy storage

Model not publicly disclosed

1 MWh vanadium redox-flow battery with a smart-pump concept; vendor, model, power rating, electrolyte volume, and current usable capacity are not disclosed. [8][10]

04

Diesel generation

Model not publicly disclosed

Current backup/firm generation supplies about 90% of annual energy. Original 2013 material described generators running on biodiesel recycled from cooking oil, but the 2026 government reply says diesel and does not verify continued biodiesel use or generator model/capacity. [7][11]

05

Distribution and control

Model not publicly disclosed

Underground customer cables, a central control system, storage, and remote/automated management; current controller vendor and detailed protection architecture are not public. [7][8]

Technical record

Architecture, performance, and project updates

Concise technical facts, milestones, operating results, and later developments. Dated notes distinguish historical design claims from current evidence.

  • Generation

    Solar PV, Biodiesel, [1]

  • Green-roof design

    The 2022 design expected vegetation to reduce solar-module temperatures by 3–8°C and improve efficiency by 1.5–4%. These are design expectations; measured site results were not published in the sources reviewed. [8]

  • Flow-battery innovation

    The vanadium system uses an actively controlled smart pump, projected to improve battery-system efficiency by up to 3%. MTI now describes the battery as experimental and says an upgrade is needed, so the projected gain should not be treated as demonstrated. [8][11]

  • Phase boundary

    The 2013 original DLRE/OKH solar-biodiesel system and the 2023 EDPR Sunseap 328 kWp/1 MWh enhancement are successive phases. The 285 kWp figure was planned; 328 kWp was installed. The later 2026 battery upgrade is future as of the cutoff. [7][8][9][11]

  • Outcome versus target

    The most consequential update is the gap between the enhancement's up-to-90% solar aspiration and the government's measured 2025 mix of 10% solar. Reliability trips and the pending battery upgrade indicate the project remains an active demonstration/operational learning system. [8][11]

  • Current upgrade

    EDPR was working to commission an upgraded energy-storage system later in 2026. No final capacity, chemistry change, commissioning date, or post-upgrade performance was available by July 20, 2026. [11][12]

Provenance

12 sources

Primary owner, government, university, supplier, and engineering sources are preferred. Archived references preserve claims whose original pages moved or disappeared.

  1. [1]
    Recovered Microgrid Projects record

    Internet Archive · Archived source · captured 2021-04-20

  2. [2]
    Users to Benefit from Electricity Micro-Grid on Pulau Ubin

    Energy Market Authority of Singapore · Primary source

  3. [3]
    Pulau Ubin microgrid programme awarded to Singapore consortium

    Energy Market Authority of Singapore · Primary source

  4. [4]
    Pulau Ubin Micro-Grid Test-Bed factsheet

    Energy Market Authority of Singapore · Primary source

  5. [5]
    DLRE as Pulau Ubin system integrator

    Energy Market Authority of Singapore · Primary source

  6. [6]
    EMA Awards Pulau Ubin Micro-Grid Test-Bed Project

    Energy Market Authority of Singapore · Primary source

  7. [7]
    Pulau Ubin Micro-Grid Test-Bed Inauguration

    Energy Market Authority of Singapore · Primary source

  8. [8]
    More Users to Benefit from Enhanced Pulau Ubin Micro-Grid

    Energy Market Authority of Singapore · Primary source

  9. [9]
  10. [10]
    Pulau Ubin Green Microgrid

    EDP · Primary source

  11. [11]
  12. [12]
    Response on Singapore Energy Resilience Strategy and Off-Grid/Microgrid Power

    Singapore Ministry of Trade and Industry · Primary source

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