Asia / Commercial & demonstration

Yokohama Microgrid

Current status, energy mix, organizations, suppliers, equipment, controls, reported specifications, and project updates—with source-level citations.

CoverageDetailed public record
Named organizations4
System facts30
Sources reviewed10
Evidence reviewed2026-07-20

The legacy Yokohama entry is Tokyo Gas's roughly 100 kW-class holonic energy-system research microgrid at its Yokohama Research Institute, commissioned for testing in 2006. It combined inverter-interfaced natural-gas and biogas cogeneration, solar, wind, two battery chemistries, a UPS and thermal equipment, and could transfer from grid-connected operation to an island supplied by a grid-forming 25 kW gas engine plus batteries. It is distinct from the much larger Yokohama Smart City Project. Tokyo Gas later began a separate virtual-power-plant demonstration at the same institute in 2020, using 50 kW of on-site PV and a 100 kW/255 kWh battery while coordinating remote generation through self-wheeling.

Research status
The original laboratory configuration is a historical R&D installation: construction/testing began in September-October 2006, and published trials document grid-connected power balancing and intentional islanding. Tokyo Gas still lists the Yokohama site, now called Yokohama Techno Station, as an active R&D base. A successor VPP demonstration began operation there in January 2020, but no public evidence found in this review confirms that all 2006 generators, batteries and thermal plant remain installed or provides post-2020 operating results. The original microgrid should therefore be classified as historically commissioned/tested, with current configuration and performance unverified.
Historical classification
CHP
Reported capacity
100 kW
Coordinates
35.44087, 139.63322
Evidence note: “Every company” cannot be proven from public material alone. This page lists every organization found in the recovered record and reviewed sources, preserves unknown roles, and explicitly marks undisclosed controller or equipment details.

Project delivery

Who was involved in Yokohama Microgrid?

4 publicly identified organizations. Where a recovered source named a participant without explaining its work, the role remains explicitly unspecified.

Organization

The University of Tokyo

Research collaborator on capacity planning and optimal operation of the holonic energy system. [4]

Organization

Tokyo Gas

Publicly named participant; role not specified in the recovered record [1]

Organization

Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd.

Owner, host and principal developer of the Yokohama Research Institute holonic energy-system laboratory; operator of the later VPP demonstration. [3][7][8][9]

Organization

Tokyo Gas Engineering Solutions Corporation

Joint operator and energy-management-system provider for the 2020 VPP demonstration. [8]

System evidence

Energy mix, capacity, and specifications

Values can describe different project phases, generation sources, storage systems, or other components. Source citations are attached to each figure so discrepancies remain visible.

KW Solar
10 [1]
KW Wind
12 [1]
KW Gas/Diesel
60 [1]
Storage
Lead Acid Batteries [1]
Original facility scale
Approximately 100 kW research microgrid; component nameplates are not all simultaneously dispatchable and should not be summed as a single plant rating. [6]
Natural-gas cogeneration
25 kW grid-forming/islanding-capable gas-engine CHP plus non-islanding 25 kW and 9.9 kW gas-engine CHP, totaling 59.9 kW (the legacy 60 kW figure is a rounded value). [3][6]
Biogas cogeneration
One 9.9 kW biogas-engine CHP, separate from the 59.9 kW natural-gas total. [3]
Original renewable generation
10 kW photovoltaic array and two 6 kW wind turbines (12 kW total wind). [3][6][5]
Original electrical storage
196 Ah lead-acid battery and 392 Ah nickel-metal-hydride battery. Published sources omit nominal voltage, so an energy capacity in kWh cannot be calculated responsibly. [3]
Power conditioning and critical supply
71 kVA bidirectional charge/discharge power-conditioning system and 50 kW uninterruptible power supply sharing storage through a DC link. [3][5]
Measured grid-connected control result
A five-day trial held purchased utility power to approximately +/-3% of its target on a one-minute evaluation basis using gas-engine output and batteries. [3]
Modeled energy and emissions result
The gas-cogeneration case was assessed at 21.3% CO2 reduction and 9.8% primary-energy reduction; microgrid coordination was reported to add another 4.7 and 5.3 percentage points, respectively. These are study results, not a continuous operating-year audit. [3]
2020 on-site VPP resources
50 kW photovoltaic system and 100 kW/255 kWh storage battery at the Yokohama Research Institute. [8]
2020 remote VPP resources
The demonstration coordinated a remote 10 kW PV array and 8,730 kW plus 6,970 kW cogeneration units, with self-wheeling limited to roughly 1,000 kW. These are off-site resources and are not part of the on-site Yokohama microgrid capacity. [8]

Controls and hardware

Equipment and controller details

Manufacturer and model are shown only when a source names them. Generic descriptions are not converted into guessed product assignments.

01

Natural-gas cogeneration

Model not publicly disclosed

Three inverter-interfaced gas-engine CHP units rated 25 kW, 25 kW and 9.9 kW; one 25 kW unit provided the voltage/frequency reference in island mode. [3][6]

02

Biogas cogeneration

Model not publicly disclosed

One 9.9 kW inverter-interfaced biogas-engine CHP. Testing noted that changing gas quality/input could constrain availability and load following. [3]

03

Solar photovoltaic

Model not publicly disclosed

Original 10 kW PV array; the separate 2020 VPP phase reports 50 kW of on-site PV. [3][8]

04

Wind generation

Model not publicly disclosed

Two 6 kW wind turbines, 12 kW total. [6][5]

05

Battery storage

Model not publicly disclosed

Original 196 Ah lead-acid and 392 Ah nickel-metal-hydride banks connected through a 71 kVA bidirectional PCS; the later VPP phase has a separately reported 100 kW/255 kWh battery. [3][8]

06

Critical-power equipment

Model not publicly disclosed

50 kW UPS tied to the storage DC link for higher-quality/continuity loads. [3][5]

07

Thermal plant

Model not publicly disclosed

Triple-effect absorption chiller plus hot-water/heat-use equipment recovered energy from cogeneration; public sources reviewed do not provide thermal nameplate capacities. [3]

08

Energy-management system

Tokyo Gas Engineering Solutions Corporation — HelionetAdvance

Used in the 2020 VPP phase to forecast on-site PV and building demand, control the battery, and coordinate remote resources. [8]

Technical record

Architecture, performance, and project updates

Concise technical facts, milestones, operating results, and later developments. Dated notes distinguish historical design claims from current evidence.

  • General

    As part of these activities, we had constructed a microgrid verification test facility composed with gas engine CHPs, PV, wind power and battery in our Yokohama Research Institute. [1]

  • Storage

    Lead Acid Battery, and Hot Water Storage [1]

  • Generation

    gas engine CHPs, PV, wind power [1]

  • Island operation

    A point-of-common-coupling breaker was opened for intentional island tests. Batteries supplied short-period imbalance and the grid-forming 25 kW gas CHP supplied longer-duration energy; published results say voltage remained within statutory limits and frequency within ordinary utility bands. [3][5]

  • Power-quality tiers

    The laboratory was built to test differentiated reliability/power-quality service: ordinary loads, higher-quality UPS-backed loads, and island-capable critical loads. [6][5]

  • Holonic architecture

    Distributed sources were coupled through inverters and coordinated as autonomous but cooperative energy-system 'holons,' allowing grid support, economic scheduling and island-mode experiments. [4][3]

  • Phase distinction

    The 2006 Tokyo Gas laboratory, the citywide Yokohama Smart City Project, and the 2020 Tokyo Gas VPP are related only by geography/organizational continuity. Their capacities must not be combined into one microgrid. [10][8][9]

  • Current-data gap

    Tokyo Gas confirms that the site remains an R&D base, but no public inventory found in this review confirms retention of each 2006 component, battery state of health, annual fuel/renewable mix, outage performance, or results from the 2020 VPP after launch. [9][8]

Provenance

10 sources

Primary owner, government, university, supplier, and engineering sources are preferred. Archived references preserve claims whose original pages moved or disappeared.

  1. [1]
    Recovered Microgrid Projects record

    Internet Archive · Archived source · captured 2021-04-20

  2. [2]
    Read More

    inive.org · Archived source · captured 2021-04-20

  3. [3]
    Operational characteristics and environmental performance of a holonic energy system

    J-GLOBAL, Japan Science and Technology Agency · Primary source

  4. [4]
    Study on capacity planning and optimal operation of Holonic Energy System

    J-STAGE / Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers · Primary source

  5. [5]
    Holonic energy system demonstration at Tokyo Gas Yokohama Research Institute

    Tokyo Gas conference paper via Internet Archive · Primary source

  6. [6]
  7. [7]
    Tokyo Gas starts construction of a test microgrid in Yokohama

    Japan for Sustainability · Secondary research

  8. [8]
  9. [9]
    Yokohama Techno Station research and development

    Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd. · Primary source

  10. [10]
    Yokohama Microgrid - archived legacy record

    Microgrid Projects via Internet Archive · Archived source